Malaria in Southern Africa in November 2026: Risk areas and travel tips

November marks the start of the summer rainy season in much of Southern Africa, bringing warmer temperatures and increasing rainfall to many popular safari destinations. These conditions can favour mosquito breeding and increase the risk of malaria transmission in affected areas.

For travellers planning a November holiday, malaria precautions are particularly important when visiting Kruger National Park in South Africa, the Okavango Delta in Botswana, the Etosha National Park in Namibia, Victoria Falls, and safari destinations in Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique and Malawi. However, malaria risk varies considerably between countries and even between neighbouring regions.

This guide outlines the main malaria risk areas in Southern Africa in November 2026, explains what travellers should know about the seasonal change, and provides practical advice on prevention.

Malaria risk areas in Southern Africa

South Africa

Malaria risk in South Africa is concentrated in the north-east of the country. The main transmission season generally runs from September to May, making November part of the period when travellers need to take particular care.

The main risk areas include:

• Kruger National Park: Malaria is a consideration throughout the park, including its rest camps and surrounding areas.
• Mpumalanga: Malaria occurs in low-altitude areas, particularly in the Lowveld and areas bordering Mozambique and Eswatini.
• Limpopo: Risk is concentrated in low-lying areas, especially near the borders with Mozambique and Zimbabwe.
• KwaZulu-Natal: Parts of the far north-east, particularly the uMkhanyakude District, are malaria-risk areas. Other designated areas have lower risk.

There is no malaria risk in most of South Africa, including Cape Town, Johannesburg, Pretoria and the Garden Route. Travellers visiting Kruger National Park or other affected areas should seek individual advice about antimalarial medication before departure.

Mozambique

Malaria occurs throughout Mozambique, and travellers should take precautions regardless of whether they are visiting the coast, cities or rural areas.

Popular destinations requiring malaria awareness include Maputo and its surroundings, the beaches of southern Mozambique, Vilankulo, the Bazaruto Archipelago, Gorongosa National Park and the country's northern coastal regions.

November falls within the warmer, wetter part of the year, when conditions can favour mosquito activity. Travellers should discuss antimalarial medication with a travel-health professional and combine any prescribed medication with measures to prevent mosquito bites.

Zimbabwe

Malaria risk in Zimbabwe varies with altitude and location, with low-lying areas generally presenting the greatest concern.

Important risk areas include:

• Victoria Falls and Zambezi National Park
• Hwange National Park
• The Zambezi Valley, including Mana Pools and Lake Kariba
• Gonarezhou National Park and the south-eastern Lowveld
• Other low-altitude areas, particularly below approximately 1,200 metres

November marks the beginning of the higher-risk transmission season in many parts of the country. Travellers visiting Victoria Falls or going on safari should not assume that the risk is negligible simply because their stay is short.

This map was drawn with the help of an AI assistant (Claude) from the malaria-risk information we compiled. It’s a guide for orientation, not an official map.

Zambia

Malaria is widespread in Zambia, including many of the country's most popular tourist destinations. Risk is generally higher in lower-altitude areas and during the rainy season.

Travellers should take particular care when visiting Livingstone and the Zambian side of Victoria Falls, the Lower Zambezi, South Luangwa National Park, Kafue National Park and other low-lying safari areas.

November is an important month for malaria prevention as the rainy season gets underway in many regions. Antimalarial medication is generally recommended for travellers to Zambia, subject to individual medical assessment.

Botswana

Malaria risk in Botswana is strongly seasonal and varies geographically. The northern half of the country, including the Okavango Delta, becomes a higher-risk area during the rainy season.

Important destinations include:

• The Okavango Delta
• Moremi Game Reserve
• Chobe National Park
• The northern areas around the Okavango Panhandle

The higher-risk season generally runs from October to May. November therefore falls within the period when malaria prevention is particularly important for travellers visiting northern Botswana.

Risk is much lower in the southern half of the country, including much of the Kalahari and the areas around Gaborone. Nevertheless, the appropriate precautions depend on the exact itinerary, season and type of accommodation.

Namibia

Malaria risk in Namibia is concentrated in the north and north-east, but the affected regions and seasonal pattern vary.

The Kavango East, Kavango West and Zambezi regions, including the Caprivi Strip, are malaria-risk areas throughout the year. November travellers should also be aware of the seasonal risk in the northern regions, including areas around Etosha National Park.

The higher-risk season in parts of northern Namibia generally extends from December to April, but November is a useful time to prepare for the approaching rainy season. Travellers visiting northern Namibia should check the risk for their specific route rather than assuming that the entire country is malaria-free.

Most of southern and central Namibia, including Windhoek and the main areas of the Namib Desert, has a very low malaria risk.

Eswatini

Malaria risk in Eswatini is seasonal and concentrated in the north and east, particularly in areas bordering Mozambique and South Africa.

Risk areas include Lubombo District and parts of Hhohho, Manzini and Shiselweni districts. The risk period generally runs from November to May, so travellers visiting these regions should take additional care as the month begins.

Mbabane and its surrounding highland areas have no recognised malaria risk under current UK travel-health guidance, while much of the rest of the country has a very low risk. Travellers should confirm the recommendations for their specific destination.

Malawi

Malaria is a risk throughout Malawi, including around Lake Malawi and in popular national parks and wildlife reserves.

Travellers should take precautions when visiting Lilongwe, Blantyre, Lake Malawi, Liwonde National Park, Majete Wildlife Reserve and other rural or low-altitude destinations.

November brings the start of the rainy season in much of the country, making malaria prevention especially relevant. Antimalarial medication is generally recommended for travellers to Malawi, alongside consistent mosquito-bite prevention.

Lesotho

Lesotho is generally considered malaria-free. Its high altitude and cooler climate distinguish it from many neighbouring regions where malaria transmission occurs.

Travellers visiting Maseru, the Maloti Mountains and the country's highland areas do not normally need malaria tablets specifically for Lesotho. However, those combining a Lesotho visit with travel to malaria-risk areas in South Africa or elsewhere in Southern Africa should assess the full itinerary.

Angola

Malaria is a major health risk throughout Angola, including Luanda and other urban areas. Travellers should not assume that staying in a city eliminates the risk.

November falls within the rainy season in much of the country, when conditions can favour mosquito breeding. Antimalarial medication is generally recommended, with the choice depending on the traveller's medical history and itinerary.

Anyone planning a visit to Angola should arrange a travel-health consultation before departure and take precautions against mosquito bites throughout the trip.

Why November matters for malaria awareness

November is an important month for malaria prevention in Southern Africa because it coincides with the start of the rainy season in many parts of the region. Warmer weather and rainfall can create favourable conditions for mosquitoes, while the risk of transmission increases in several established malaria areas.

The seasonal change is particularly relevant for travellers planning to visit Kruger National Park, northern Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi and northern Namibia. In some destinations, November marks the beginning of a higher-risk period; elsewhere, malaria transmission occurs throughout the year.

However, rainfall alone does not determine whether malaria is present. Local altitude, temperature, mosquito populations and the effectiveness of malaria-control measures also influence transmission. A rainy month does not automatically mean that every destination has a high risk, just as dry weather does not guarantee protection.

Travellers should also remember that malaria is not limited to remote safari camps. Depending on the country and location, transmission can occur in rural communities, towns and urban areas.

The most important step is to check the current recommendations for every destination on your itinerary before departure. Advice may differ even within the same country, and the decision to take preventive medication depends on the destination, duration of travel, activities and individual medical circumstances.

Malaria prevention tips for travellers

Malaria is preventable, but no single precaution offers complete protection. Travellers visiting risk areas in November should combine mosquito-bite prevention with medical advice about antimalarial medication.

1. Arrange a travel-health consultation before departure

Speak to a travel-health professional several weeks before your trip, particularly if you are visiting multiple countries or remote safari destinations. They can assess your itinerary and advise whether prescription antimalarial medication is appropriate.

The choice of medication depends on factors such as the destination, medical history, other medicines, pregnancy and potential side effects. Do not rely on advice intended for a different country or assume that the same recommendation applies throughout Southern Africa.

2. Use an effective mosquito repellent

Apply an effective insect repellent containing DEET, icaridin (picaridin) or another recognised active ingredient, following the product instructions. Reapply it as directed, especially after sweating or swimming where applicable.

If you use sunscreen, apply it before the repellent.

3. Cover exposed skin, particularly in the evening

Malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes are generally most active between dusk and dawn. Wear long-sleeved shirts, long trousers and socks during these hours, especially when spending time outdoors at safari lodges, campsites or lakeside accommodation.

Lightweight clothing is often more comfortable in the region's warm November weather.

4. Choose accommodation with effective mosquito protection

Air-conditioned rooms and accommodation with intact window and door screens can reduce exposure. If you are staying in a tent or a room without adequate screening, use a properly fitted mosquito net, preferably one treated with insecticide.

Follow the accommodation's instructions for mosquito coils or other insect-control products, and do not use them in ways that could create a fire or inhalation hazard.

5. Take prescribed antimalarial medication correctly

If medication is recommended, follow the prescribed schedule before, during and after your trip. Different medicines require different starting and stopping times, so do not assume that all tablets are taken in the same way.

Antimalarial medication reduces the risk of illness but does not eliminate it. Continue to prevent mosquito bites even when taking tablets.

6. Know the symptoms and seek medical help promptly

Malaria symptoms can include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. They can resemble flu or other common infections, and symptoms may not develop until after you have left the risk area.

Seek urgent medical assessment if you develop a fever during your trip or after returning home and have visited a malaria-risk area. Tell the healthcare professional where and when you travelled and explicitly mention the possibility of malaria.

Malaria can become life-threatening, particularly when caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Do not wait for symptoms to become severe, and do not assume that you are protected because you took antimalarial medication. Malaria can occur months after exposure, so mention your travel history even if considerable time has passed.

Bottom line

November is the start of an important malaria-prevention period in many Southern African destinations. Check the risk for each stop on your itinerary, obtain individual medical advice where necessary, and combine any prescribed medication with consistent mosquito-bite prevention.

Disclaimer: This article provides general travel-health information and is not a substitute for personalised medical advice. Malaria recommendations can vary according to your itinerary, age, pregnancy status, medical history, medication and the current local epidemiological situation. Malaria risk can also change following changes in rainfall, mosquito populations and local transmission. Always consult a qualified travel-health professional before travelling to a malaria-risk area. 

 

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Victoria Falls in November 2026: Weather, water levels, wildlife and travel tips

November is a transitional month at Victoria Falls on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia. The dry season is coming to an end, temperatures remain high and the first summer rains can begin to arrive. At the same time, the Zambezi is normally close to its annual low point at the Falls.

This makes November quite different from the high-water season in March and April. Travellers who are primarily interested in seeing the Falls as a huge curtain of water may prefer a different time of year. Those interested in lower water levels, clearer views into the gorge and seasonal activities such as Livingstone Island and Devil's Pool may find November more interesting.

Weather and water levels

November is hot at Victoria Falls. Long-term climate data for the area puts the average November maximum at around 32°C, with average minimum temperatures of about 21°C. Climate conditions also change noticeably during the month as the first summer rains become more likely.

Rainfall becomes increasingly likely during November as the summer rainy season approaches. Early November can still be hot and predominantly dry, while thunderstorms and heavier showers become more frequent towards the end of the month. The timing of the first substantial rains varies considerably from year to year.

November should therefore not be regarded as a consistently wet month. Travellers can still encounter long periods of hot, dry weather, particularly early in the month, but afternoon or evening thunderstorms become increasingly likely.

The more important seasonal consideration at the Victoria Falls is the Zambezi water level.

Zambia Tourism identifies November and December as the lowest-water period at Victoria Falls. As the dry season reaches its end, sections of the Falls on the Zambian side can reduce to small rivulets, while some sections may have no water flowing over the edge. The lower flow also exposes much more of the basalt cliffs and allows clearer views into the gorge.

This is very different from March and April, when the Falls are normally close to peak flood and the volume of spray can make some viewpoints difficult for photography.

What are the water levels in November 2026?

The latest available measurement provides a useful indication of the situation going into November.

The Zambezi River Authority recorded a flow of 343 m³/s at Victoria Falls' Nana's Farm Station on 05 October 2026. The corresponding figure on 05 October 2025 was 272 m³/s. The Authority reported that flows were still steadily decreasing, although isolated localised rainfall was being observed.

This figure is important, but it is not a forecast for November. Water reaching Victoria Falls depends on rainfall across the much larger upstream Zambezi catchment, particularly areas well upstream of the Falls. Consequently, rainfall during October and November can alter the subsequent river trend.

For comparison, the Zambezi River Authority recorded 348 m³/s on 04 October 2026 and 343 m³/s on 5 October 2026, confirming that the river was still in its seasonal low-water decline at the beginning of October.

The most reasonable expectation for November is therefore a low-flow Victoria Falls, with the exact appearance depending on how much rain falls upstream during the weeks beforehand.

Activities and wildlife

November can be an interesting month for activities around Victoria Falls, but the availability of individual activities depends on water levels and weather.

Livingstone Island and Devil's Pool

For visitors on the Zambian side, Livingstone Island is particularly relevant during the low-water season. Zambia Tourism states that access is generally possible from approximately August to December, when the river is low enough to reach the island, but stresses that access depends completely on the actual water level. A trained guide is required.

Devil's Pool is similarly seasonal. Zambia Tourism describes it as generally opening once the river has fallen sufficiently, with the exact season depending on current conditions. It is therefore possible to visit in November, but travellers should confirm availability shortly before their visit rather than treating November as an automatic opening period.

Rafting and other adventure activities

The lower Zambezi also provides opportunities for rafting and other adventure activities, but November is not simply a case of “low water equals rafting”.

Zambia Tourism describes the low-water rafting season as generally beginning around July–September, while the precise opening dates vary annually according to river conditions. Its activity information also notes that white-water rafting is affected by the seasonal rise in water levels.

Kayaking on the Zambezi below Victoria Falls, for example, can operate throughout the year, but routes vary according to water levels. Zambia Tourism currently describes July to January as the low-water season for kayaking and February to June as the high-water period.

Other activities, including bridge bungee jumping, gorge activities, scenic flights and river cruises, are less directly dependent on the height of the Falls, although weather can still cause cancellations. Zambia Tourism specifically notes that helicopter and microlight flights are weather-dependent and that bridge activities can be suspended during rain.

Wildlife in November

Wildlife viewing needs to be considered separately from visiting the Falls themselves.

Victoria Falls National Park on the Zimbabwean side is not primarily a big-game safari destination. ZimParks describes the small park around the Victoria Falls as being mainly home to baboons, warthogs and monkeys, with leopard only occasionally seen. The rainforest around the Falls is maintained largely by spray from the waterfall.

For a more substantial safari, travellers can visit the neighbouring Zambezi National Park, which extends along 40 km of Zambezi River frontage. ZimParks records four of the Big Five — elephant, lion, buffalo and leopard — together with kudu, impala, zebra, giraffe and more than 400 bird species.

November marks the beginning of the green season in the Livingstone area. Zambia Tourism describes November as the start of the summer rains, while July to October is the peak safari period because animals are easier to locate around the remaining water sources during the dry season.

Consequently, wildlife sightings can become less predictable as November progresses. Once rainfall produces new water sources and vegetation, animals are no longer as concentrated around the Zambezi and permanent waterholes. On the other hand, the emerging green vegetation and increasing bird activity can make the beginning of the rainy season attractive for visitors interested in a broader range of wildlife and landscapes.

Travel tips for November

Do not visit in November expecting peak-flow Victoria Falls. The Falls are normally at or close to their annual low point around November and December. If your primary objective is to see the Zambezi at maximum volume, March and April are normally much more suitable.

Visit the Zimbabwean side if seeing the Victoria Falls themselves is your priority. At low water, parts of the Zambian side can become very sparse or temporarily dry. The Zimbabwean viewpoints provide a broader perspective of the waterfall and gorge, although the precise amount of water visible also varies with the season.

Consider adding the Zambian side for low-water activities. Livingstone Island and Devil's Pool are specifically dependent on sufficiently low water levels. In November they can be possible, but access should always be confirmed according to current conditions.

Do not plan around a historical opening date alone. Water levels at Victoria Falls vary from year to year. The fact that an activity normally operates in November does not guarantee that it will be operating on the day of your visit.

Expect very high temperatures. Daytime temperatures around 30°C or above are normal in November. Sun protection, drinking water and lightweight clothing are essential, particularly when walking around the Victoria Falls or going on a game drive.

Pack for thunderstorms. Rain becomes increasingly likely during November, particularly towards the end of the month. A lightweight waterproof layer is useful, but there is no need to prepare for the continuous spray associated with the peak flood season.

Start outdoor activities early. Morning temperatures are generally more comfortable than the afternoon, when heat and thunderstorms can become more likely.

Allow some flexibility. November is a genuine transition period. A trip can begin with hot, dry conditions and finish with thunderstorms and rapidly greening vegetation. River-dependent activities can also change availability as water levels respond to rainfall.

Is November a good time to visit Victoria Falls?

November is a specialist choice rather than the classic time to see Victoria Falls at its most powerful.

The Falls are normally close to their annual low-water period, and parts of the Zambian side may have very little or no water flowing over the edge. In return, lower water levels provide clearer views of the basalt cliffs and gorge, and seasonal activities such as Livingstone Island and Devil's Pool may be available when conditions permit.

The surrounding area also begins changing from the dry season to the summer green season. Temperatures remain high, but the first rains can bring new vegetation, increasing bird activity and a gradual change in wildlife distribution.

For travellers primarily interested in the Victoria Falls themselves, July to September generally offers a better compromise between substantial water flow and clearer views. For maximum water volume, March and April are the more appropriate choice. November makes more sense for travellers who specifically want the low-water landscape, seasonal activities and the transition into the rainy season.

Information checked: 07 October 2026. The latest river measurement available at the time of writing was 343 m³/s at Nana's Farm Station on 05 October 2026. This is an observed river flow and should not be interpreted as a forecast for November.

 

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Netherlands and Sweden are closing their embassies in Harare — what it means if you're travelling to Zimbabwe

If Zimbabwe is on your itinerary and you're Dutch or Swedish, there's a practical change coming that's worth knowing about before you go: both countries are shutting their embassies in Harare. Neither closure is really about Zimbabwe itself — both are line items in much bigger, unrelated budget shuffles back home — but the effect on the ground is the same. If something goes wrong on your trip (lost passport, hospitalisation, an arrest, or any other situation requiring consular assistance), there'll no longer be a national embassy in the country to call.

Here's what's actually been announced, and what it means for your trip.

What's happening

The Netherlands confirmed the Harare closure on 15 September 2026. No closing date yet, and Dutch interests will be handed to "an embassy in a neighbouring country" — not yet named.

Sweden announced its Harare closure back in December 2025, and has already closed its embassy to visitors. Visa and migration casework is being reassigned to another post in the region — also not yet named.

Two confirmed closures, no confirmed dates, no confirmed replacement missions. If you're Dutch or Swedish and planning Zimbabwe travel, check your foreign ministry's travel advisory again closer to your departure date — these details tend to get filled in a few months out.

Does this actually affect you as a traveller?

For most day-to-day travel, no — visas, border crossings and tourism operations in Zimbabwe are unaffected. Where it matters is if you need consular assistance: a lost or stolen passport, a medical emergency, an arrest, or help getting back home. That's the function that disappears locally once these embassies shut.

The good news, if you're an EU citizen, is that you're not entirely on your own. Under EU rules, if your own country has no embassy or consulate in a non-EU country, you're entitled to consular protection from any other EU member state that does have representation there — same as any of their own citizens. Harare currently hosts around 50 embassies, including several other EU countries (Germany, France and Spain among them), so this isn't a theoretical protection — there'll be real options on the ground even after the Dutch and Swedish missions close.

Non-EU nationals reading this for context: it's a good reminder generally to check what representation your own country has in Zimbabwe before you travel, rather than assuming a Harare embassy will always be there.

Practical tips before you go

• Check your government's current travel advisory for Zimbabwe shortly before departure — both ministries are likely to update guidance once closure dates and successor embassies are confirmed.
• Register your trip with your foreign ministry if that's a service they offer (the Netherlands' BZ Reisapp / "Informatie Service Buitenland", Sweden's svenskarutomlands registration) — this is exactly the kind of situation it's designed for.
• Save the contact details of the nearest alternative embassy for your nationality before you fly, rather than trying to find one after something's gone wrong.
• Comprehensive travel insurance with emergency assistance and repatriation cover matters more, not less, once your home country's consular safety net locally disappears.
• If you're mid-trip with visa or passport business already in progress at the Harare embassy, contact them directly for guidance on how your case will be handled through the transition — don't assume it carries over automatically.

Bottom line

Zimbabwe remains very much open for travel — this is a diplomatic footprint story, not a tourism or safety one. But if you're Dutch or Swedish, it's worth building "no local embassy" into your risk planning for a Zimbabwe trip once these closures take effect, and leaning on the EU consular-protection safety net (or your travel insurer) if you need help on the ground.

Sources: Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government.nl announcement, 15 September 2026; Swedish Government Offices, Government.se press release, 08 December 2025.

 

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Malaria in Southern Africa in October 2026: What travellers need to know

October marks an important change in the malaria picture across Southern Africa. Temperatures are rising, the first rains are beginning in parts of the region and mosquito activity generally increases as the rainy season gets underway.

For travellers, October is therefore a good time to take malaria prevention seriously. The risk remains highly variable, however. A safari in Kruger National Park, a trip to the Okavango Delta, Victoria Falls, Zambia or Malawi carries a very different malaria risk from a visit to Cape Town, Windhoek or Lesotho.

Malaria recommendations also depend on your exact itinerary, accommodation, season of travel and individual health circumstances. If you are travelling to a malaria-risk area in October 2026, check current travel-health advice before departure and discuss whether antimalarial medication is appropriate for you.

Malaria risk areas in Southern Africa

Malaria transmission is not uniform across Southern Africa. Altitude, temperature, rainfall, proximity to rivers and wetlands, mosquito populations and the time of year all influence the risk.

The following is a practical October 2026 overview for travellers. It should not replace destination-specific medical advice, particularly for longer trips or travel to remote areas.

South Africa

Malaria risk in South Africa is concentrated in the north-east of the country and is seasonal.

Important risk areas include:

• Kruger National Park
• low-altitude parts of Mpumalanga
• low-altitude areas of Limpopo, particularly near the borders with Mozambique and Zimbabwe
• parts of northern KwaZulu-Natal
• border areas adjoining Mozambique and Zimbabwe

The main malaria transmission season in these areas runs from September to May, making October an important month for travellers visiting Kruger National Park and the Lowveld. Current travel-health guidance recommends antimalarial medication for some higher-risk areas during this transmission season, while other areas require bite avoidance without routine chemoprophylaxis.

There is no malaria risk in most of South Africa, including Cape Town, Johannesburg, Pretoria, the Garden Route and most of the Western and Eastern Cape.

Mozambique

Mozambique remains one of the region's most significant malaria-risk destinations. Malaria transmission occurs throughout the country, including popular coastal and safari destinations.

Travellers should take particular care when visiting:

• Maputo and southern Mozambique
• Inhambane and Vilanculos
• the Bazaruto area
• Beira and central Mozambique
• Gorongosa National Park
• Nampula
• Pemba and Cabo Delgado
• Niassa and other northern wilderness areas

Current travel-health guidance classifies Mozambique as a high-risk malaria country and recommends antimalarial medication for travellers, alongside mosquito-bite prevention.

October is especially relevant because the transition towards the rainy season can increase mosquito breeding opportunities.

Zimbabwe

Malaria risk varies with altitude and location in Zimbabwe. The Zambezi Valley and other low-lying areas remain important risk areas for travellers.

Popular destinations where malaria precautions are particularly relevant include:

• Victoria Falls
• Hwange National Park
• Zambezi National Park
• Lake Kariba
• Mana Pools
• Matusadona National Park
• Gonarezhou and the south-eastern Lowveld
• other low-lying areas along the Zambezi Valley

Current travel-health guidance considers the Zambezi Valley a year-round risk area. In much of Zimbabwe below 1,200 metres, the higher-risk transmission season begins in November, while July to October is generally considered a lower-risk period. October is therefore a transition month rather than a malaria-free month.

Travellers heading to Victoria Falls or the country's major safari areas should continue to use mosquito-bite precautions.

Zambia

Zambia remains a significant malaria-risk destination, including during October.

Malaria prevention is particularly relevant for travellers visiting:

• Livingstone and Victoria Falls
• South Luangwa National Park
• Lower Zambezi National Park
• Kafue National Park
• the Luangwa Valley
• the Zambezi Valley
• northern and eastern Zambia

Current travel-health guidance classifies Zambia as a high-risk malaria country and recommends antimalarial medication for travellers, together with bite avoidance.

For safari travellers, the combination of evening and nighttime exposure and accommodation in relatively open environments makes mosquito protection particularly important.

Botswana

October is a particularly important month for malaria awareness in Botswana.

The main risk is in the northern half of the country, including:

• Okavango Delta
• Moremi
• Chobe National Park
• Kasane
• Chobe and Linyanti
• the Kwando region
• Ngamiland

Current travel-health guidance identifies a high malaria risk in northern Botswana from October to May. During the remainder of the year, the same region is considered lower risk.

This makes October a significant seasonal transition for travellers planning an Okavango Delta or Chobe safari. The risk should not be judged simply by how dry the landscape looks: mosquito activity can increase as temperatures rise and seasonal rainfall develops.

Southern Botswana has considerably less malaria risk.

Namibia

Malaria risk in Namibia is concentrated mainly in the north and north-east.

Important areas include:

• Kavango East
• Kavango West
• Zambezi Region
• northern Kunene
• Omusati
• Oshana
• Ohangwena
• Oshikoto
• parts of Omaheke and Otjozondjupa

Current travel-health guidance identifies a high malaria risk throughout the year in Kavango East, Kavango West and the Zambezi Region. In several other northern regions, the risk is lower from May to November and increases during the wetter months.

For travellers, this means that October is a useful point to reassess malaria precautions, particularly if an itinerary combines Etosha National Park with the northern regions, Kavango or the Zambezi Region.

Windhoek, Swakopmund, Walvis Bay and most of southern Namibia have little or no malaria risk.

eSwatini

Malaria risk in eSwatini is considerably more localised than in neighbouring Mozambique.

The main areas of concern are the eastern Lowveld, particularly areas towards the Mozambique border. Higher-altitude areas, including Mbabane and much of the Highveld, have little or no malaria risk.

October is still generally a lower-risk period than the peak summer months, but travellers staying in the Lowveld should use mosquito-bite precautions. The seasonal pattern can change with temperature and rainfall, so an itinerary-specific assessment is preferable to treating the whole country as either “safe” or “unsafe”.

Malawi

Malaria is a major travel-health consideration throughout Malawi.

This includes popular destinations such as:

• Lake Malawi
• Liwonde National Park
• Majete Wildlife Reserve
• Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve
• the Lower Shire Valley
• Lilongwe
• Blantyre

Current travel-health guidance considers Malaw a high-risk malaria destination and recommends antimalarial medication for travellers, in addition to mosquito-bite prevention.

The fact that October falls at the beginning of the rainy season in many parts of Malaw should not be interpreted as a sudden start to malaria risk: transmission occurs throughout the country.

Lesotho

Lesotho is different from most of its neighbours.

Malaria transmission does not normally occur in Lesotho, largely because of the country's high elevation and cooler climate. Travellers visiting Lesotho alone therefore do not normally require malaria prophylaxis specifically for their stay there.

The situation can change if a trip combines Lesotho with malaria-risk destinations elsewhere in Southern Africa. Your overall itinerary should therefore be considered when discussing malaria medication with a travel-health professional.

Angola

Malaria remains an important health risk throughout Angola, including in urban and lowland areas.

Travellers should not assume that staying in Luanda eliminates the risk. Much of the country has conditions suitable for malaria transmission, particularly warmer lowland and tropical areas.

For travellers combining Angola with other Southern African destinations, malaria prevention should therefore be considered as part of the overall itinerary rather than assessed only by individual stops.

Why October matters for malaria awareness

October is an important month for malaria awareness because Southern Africa is moving more decisively into the warmer part of the year.

Across many parts of the region, temperatures are rising and seasonal rainfall is beginning or becoming more frequent. Rainfall creates additional standing water and, together with warmer temperatures, can provide more favourable conditions for mosquitoes.

This is particularly relevant in northern Botswana, where October marks the start of the higher-risk malaria season according to current travel-health guidance. In South Africa, October falls firmly within the September-to-May malaria transmission season in the north-east.

October is also a popular month for Southern African travel. Safari destinations such as Kruger National Park, Chobe, the Okavango Delta, Hwange, Victoria Falls and South Luangwa remain attractive, while Mozambique's coast is another popular destination.

One common misconception is that malaria risk disappears when a destination looks dry. It does not. Malaria transmission depends on several factors, and risk can remain present even during relatively dry conditions.

Another important point is that malaria symptoms can initially look like many other illnesses. Fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, nausea and fatigue are common symptoms. Plasmodium falciparum, the malaria parasite responsible for most malaria in Africa, can cause severe disease rapidly if treatment is delayed.

If you develop a fever during a trip to a malaria-risk area or after returning home, tell the healthcare professional that you have travelled to a malaria area. Do not assume that malaria has been ruled out because you took preventive medication.

Malaria prevention tips for travellers

There is no single measure that provides complete protection against malaria. The best approach combines mosquito-bite avoidance with antimalarial medication when it is recommended for your destination and personal circumstances.

Before travelling

• Check your exact itinerary. Malaria risk can change substantially between neighbouring regions.
• See a travel-health professional before departure. Ideally, arrange an appointment around four to six weeks before travelling, although it is still worthwhile to seek advice at shorter notice.
• Discuss antimalarial medication. Whether you need prophylaxis depends on your destination, season, accommodation, activities and personal health circumstances.
• Take prescribed medication exactly as directed. Different medicines have different schedules before and after travel.
• Pack an effective mosquito repellent and make sure you know how to use it correctly.

While travelling

• Use an insect repellent containing an effective active ingredient such as DEET or picaridin (icaridin).
• Apply repellent to exposed skin according to the product instructions.
• Wear long trousers and long-sleeved clothing, particularly from dusk through to dawn.
• Choose accommodation with air conditioning, screened windows or other effective mosquito protection where possible.
• Sleep under an insecticide-treated mosquito net where one is provided.
• Keep doors and windows screened or closed when mosquitoes are active.
• Consider treating clothing or mosquito nets with permethrin where appropriate; permethrin should not be applied directly to skin.

Malaria-carrying Anopheles mosquitoes are predominantly active between dusk and dawn, so evening protection is particularly important on safari, at lodges and in other open-air accommodation.

After your trip

Don't forget about malaria once you have returned home.

A fever after travelling to a malaria-risk area requires prompt medical attention. Symptoms can develop after returning from Africa, and malaria can still occur despite having taken prophylactic medication.

Tell the doctor or emergency department that you have recently travelled to a malaria area and where you travelled. This information is important for diagnosis.

Malaria can progress quickly, particularly when caused by plasmodium falciparum. Anyone with suspected malaria should therefore be assessed urgently rather than waiting to see whether the fever improves on its own.

Final thoughts

October is an important point in the Southern African malaria calendar. The region is becoming warmer, seasonal rainfall is returning in many areas and mosquito activity can increase.

The risk nevertheless varies enormously. Northern Botswana enters its higher-risk season, north-eastern South Africa is in its main transmission season, while Mozambique, Zambia and Malawi remain significant malaria-risk destinations. Zimbabwe is entering a seasonal transition, Namibia has substantial regional differences, and Lesotho remains malaria-free.

For travellers, the most useful rule is simple: don't judge malaria risk by the month or country alone. Check your exact itinerary.

If you are travelling to a malaria-risk area in October 2026, obtain current travel-health advice before departure, use consistent mosquito-bite protection and take antimalarial medication when it has been recommended for you.

Disclaimer: This article provides general travel-health information and is not a substitute for personalised medical advice. Malaria recommendations can vary according to your itinerary, age, pregnancy status, medical history, medication and the current local epidemiological situation. Malaria risk can also change following changes in rainfall, mosquito populations and local transmission. Always consult a qualified travel-health professional before travelling to a malaria-risk area.

 

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Victoria Falls in October 2026: Weather, water levels and travel tips

October is one of the most interesting – but also one of the hottest – months to visit Victoria Falls. The dry season is approaching its end, temperatures can become extreme and the Zambezi River is close to its annual low.

That means October offers a very different Victoria Falls experience from the spectacular high-water months earlier in the year. The reduced flow produces less spray and clearer views of the gorge, while parts of the waterfall on the Zambian side can become very low or even dry.

For wildlife enthusiasts, however, October is an excellent time to visit. With natural water sources drying up, animals increasingly concentrate around the Zambezi and other permanent water sources. If you are planning a Victoria Falls trip in October 2026, here's what you can expect.

Weather and water levels

October is generally the hottest month of the year around Victoria Falls. Daytime temperatures commonly reach around 34°C, and temperatures above 40°C are possible during particularly hot periods. The combination of heat, strong sunshine and very dry vegetation can make the middle of the day uncomfortable for sightseeing.

Rain is still generally limited at the beginning of October, although the region is approaching the start of the summer rainy season. The first thunderstorms can develop later in the month, and conditions can change quickly as the season transitions from dry winter to summer.

The Zambezi is a different story from the weather. October is normally close to the lowest-flow period at Victoria Falls. The river has been declining steadily through the dry season, and the latest available Zambezi River Authority figures show the flow at the Victoria Falls station at 438 m³/s on 07 September 2026, down from 504 m³/s on 25 August 2026.

This means October visitors should not expect the enormous curtain of spray associated with the March-to-May flood season.

Zimbabwe or Zambia?

The difference between the two sides becomes particularly important in October.

Zimbabwe generally offers the better waterfall experience at very low water levels. A large section of the main waterfall remains visible from the viewpoints in Victoria Falls town, while the lower spray makes it much easier to see the individual cataracts and photograph the gorge.

On the Zambian side, the low water becomes much more obvious. Sections of the Falls can be reduced to narrow streams or exposed rock as the dry season reaches its peak. Zambia Tourism notes that parts of the Falls begin drying from around October, with the lowest flows normally occurring later in the year.

This is not necessarily a reason to avoid Zambia. Quite the opposite: low water exposes rock formations and sections of the basalt gorge that are hidden beneath the spray during the high-water season.

For travellers visiting specifically to see Victoria Falls at its most powerful, October is therefore not the ideal month. For travellers interested in clear views, photography, gorge scenery, adventure activities and wildlife, it can be very rewarding.

The 2026/27 regional seasonal outlook also points towards a generally drier-than-normal start to the rainy season across much of southern Africa, although seasonal forecasts cannot predict exactly when the first rains will reach Victoria Falls.

Activities and wildlife

October's low water and hot weather change the choice of activities, but there is still plenty to do around Victoria Falls.

Visit the Falls early

The waterfall viewpoints remain the obvious starting point.

Try to visit early in the morning, when temperatures are lower and the light is generally better for photography. The reduced spray can make October particularly good for seeing the shape of the gorge and individual sections of the Falls.

Don't assume that a visit to one side replaces the other. The Zimbabwean and Zambian viewpoints offer very different perspectives, and October makes those differences particularly noticeable.

Devil's Pool and Livingstone Island

Low water is also the season for some of Victoria Falls' most famous experiences on the Zambian side.

Devil's Pool is a natural rock pool at the edge of Victoria Falls that can only be accessed when river conditions are suitable. October is normally within the low-water window in which the experience operates, but opening dates and daily access depend on actual river conditions rather than simply the calendar.

If swimming at Devil's Pool is one of the main reasons for your trip, check the current operating conditions before booking your itinerary. Never attempt to reach the pool independently.

Scenic flights

October's lower spray and generally good visibility can make helicopter and microlight flights particularly rewarding.

From above, you get a much better impression of how dramatically the Falls change through the seasons. The exposed rock, reduced water flow and enormous Zambezi gorge create a very different landscape from the mist-covered waterfall seen during the flood season.

Zambezi activities

The lower-water period is also an important season for adventure activities on the Zambezi.

Depending on current river conditions, activities can include:

• white-water rafting
• canoeing
• river cruises
• gorge activities and ziplining
• bungee jumping
• scenic flights
• sunset cruises

White-water rafting conditions are particularly linked to river levels and operator safety assessments, so availability should always be confirmed before travelling.

Wildlife viewing

October is arguably more interesting for wildlife than for the waterfall itself.

After months without substantial rainfall, vegetation is dry and many natural water sources have disappeared or become unreliable. Animals therefore become increasingly concentrated around permanent water.

Elephants are particularly conspicuous around the Zambezi, while hippos and crocodiles remain associated with the river. Depending on where you go, sightings can also include buffalo, giraffe, zebra and a range of antelope.

The wider Victoria Falls region is an excellent base for combining a waterfall visit with a safari. Zimbabwe's Hwange National Park is within reach of Victoria Falls town, while Zambia's Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park provides a smaller wildlife experience close to Livingstone.

A Zambezi sunset cruise can also be surprisingly productive in October. As the surrounding landscape becomes increasingly dry, the river becomes one of the most important sources of water for wildlife.

Travel tips

October requires a slightly different approach from the cooler months.

Plan around the heat. Try to schedule walking tours, waterfall visits and other strenuous activities for early morning. The middle of the afternoon can be extremely hot, particularly during heatwaves.

Carry water. Don't underestimate how quickly you can become dehydrated when walking around the Falls in temperatures approaching or exceeding 35°C.

Use sun protection. A hat, sunscreen, sunglasses and lightweight clothing are essential. The combination of intense sunshine and dry heat can be surprisingly tiring.

Expect very different waterfall conditions. If seeing a huge volume of falling water is your priority, consider travelling earlier in the year. October is about visibility, exposed gorge scenery and low-water experiences rather than maximum flow.

Choose your side carefully. For the classic waterfall experience in October, the Zimbabwean side generally has the advantage because more of the main Falls remain flowing. The Zambian side becomes increasingly interesting for its exposed rocks and low-water activities.

Check Devil's Pool before you travel. Although October is normally within the low-water season suitable for Devil's Pool, access depends on actual river conditions and operator decisions.

Consider a safari extension. October is one of the better months to combine Victoria Falls with wildlife viewing because the dry conditions concentrate animals around remaining water sources.

Pack for both heat and changing weather. Lightweight summer clothing is appropriate for most of the month, but a light rain jacket can still be useful if early summer thunderstorms begin. Comfortable walking shoes are essential around the Falls.

Think about malaria protection. Victoria Falls town and Livingstone are malaria-risk areas. October also marks the transition towards warmer and wetter conditions, so mosquito precautions become increasingly relevant. Travellers should obtain individual travel-health advice before departure rather than relying solely on seasonal assumptions.

Bottom line

October is not the best month if your dream is to see Victoria Falls at maximum flow. The Zambezi is approaching its annual low, the Zambian side can have very little water and the spray that makes the Falls so dramatic earlier in the year is greatly reduced.

But that doesn't make October a bad time to visit.

Quite the opposite: clearer views, exposed gorge scenery, Devil's Pool, excellent wildlife viewing and a wide range of adventure activities make October an interesting time for travellers who want more than just the waterfall.

The biggest downside is the heat. If you can handle temperatures that can climb well above 30°C, October can be an excellent month to combine Devil's Pool with a safari in Zimbabwe or Zambia.

For the best all-round October experience, consider spending time on both sides of the Falls: use Zimbabwe for the broader waterfall views, and Zambia for the low-water scenery and seasonal activities.

 

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Southern Africa's 2026/27 Rainy Season: Drier and Hotter Conditions Expected Across Much of the Region

Travellers planning a trip to Southern Africa during the 2026/27 rainy season from October 2026 to March 2027 may want to keep an eye on the latest regional climate outlook. The consensus forecast from the Thirty-Third Southern Africa Regional Climate Outlook Forum (SARCOF-33) points to a generally drier-than-normal start to the season across much of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, followed by below-normal rainfall across large parts of central and southern Southern Africa early in 2027.

The outlook does not mean that it will not rain. Seasonal forecasts describe the likelihood of rainfall patterns over several months rather than predicting the weather on a particular day. For travellers, however, the forecast provides an early indication of what conditions could look like when planning safaris, self-drive holidays and other outdoor trips.

October to December 2026: A potentially dry start across much of Southern Africa

For the first part of the 2026/27 rainfall season, below-normal rainfall is favoured across the bulk of the SADC region.

This could be particularly relevant for travellers visiting traditionally dry areas such as Namibia, Botswana and parts of South Africa, where the first summer rains can have a significant influence on landscapes, water availability and wildlife movements.

More favourable rainfall conditions are forecast further north. Normal to above-normal rainfall is expected across much of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), northwestern Angola, northern Zambia, central Malawi, northern Mozambique, southern fringes of Tanzania and the Comoros.

Above-normal rainfall is particularly favoured over eastern parts of the DRC, most of Tanzania, extreme northern Malawi, extreme northern Zambia and the Seychelles.

Meanwhile, normal to below-normal rainfall is forecast for the southwestern coastal part of South Africa, southwestern Madagascar and Mauritius.

January to March 2027: Drier conditions could continue

The outlook suggests that the drier pattern could persist into the heart of Southern Africa's summer.

For January to March 2027, below-normal rainfall is expected across much of the central and southern SADC region, including large parts of Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia and parts of South Africa.

Normal to below-normal rainfall is also favoured over parts of southern Mozambique, northern South Africa, Eswatini, Lesotho and Madagascar.

By contrast, wetter conditions are more likely across the northern parts of the region. Normal to above-normal rainfall is expected over the DRC, northern Zambia , northern Malawi, northern Mozambique, parts of Tanzania and the Seychelles, with above-normal rainfall particularly favoured over eastern Tanzania and the Comoros.

Madagascar could see contrasting conditions, with normal to below-normal rainfall forecast for northern and western areas and normal to above-normal rainfall favoured in southeastern parts. Mauritius is expected to experience normal to above-normal rainfall.

Above-normal temperatures also expected

The rainfall forecast is accompanied by a warning that temperatures are likely to be above normal across most of the SADC region between October 2026 and January 2027.

For travellers, this could be an important consideration. Higher temperatures can make midday game drives, hiking and city sightseeing more demanding, while prolonged dry conditions may also affect water levels, vegetation and wildlife distribution.

Central to northeastern parts of the region are the main exception, where below-normal temperatures are expected during the period.

What does the forecast mean for travellers?

It is still too early to predict conditions at individual destinations or on specific travel dates. A below-normal seasonal rainfall forecast can still include periods of heavy rain, thunderstorms or local flooding.

Nevertheless, travellers visiting Southern Africa during the 2026/27 summer season should consider the possibility of hotter and, across many areas, drier-than-usual conditions.

This may be particularly relevant when planning trips to Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Angola and South Africa between October 2026 and March 2027.

As the rainy season approaches, it will be worth checking shorter-term forecasts and destination-specific updates. Conditions can change considerably between regions, and local rainfall remains especially important for travellers heading to national parks, remote areas and destinations where road conditions or water availability may be affected.

We will continue to monitor updates to the regional climate outlook as the 2026/27 Southern African summer rainfall season develops.

 

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