For travellers visiting Southern Africa in December 2026, malaria remains an important health consideration, particularly when travelling to low-lying areas, national parks and game reserves in malaria-risk regions. The risk varies considerably between countries and even between different parts of the same country.
Travellers planning a safari, a self-drive holiday or a visit to the region's more remote destinations should check the malaria situation for their specific itinerary before departure and discuss appropriate preventive measures with a travel-health professional.
Malaria risk areas in Southern Africa
South Africa
The main areas of concern for travellers in December include:
- Kruger National Park: Malaria is a significant consideration throughout the park, including its rest camps and surrounding areas.
- Mpumalanga: Risk occurs in low-lying areas of the Lowveld, particularly along the borders with Mozambique and Eswatini.
- Limpopo: Risk is concentrated in the lower-altitude areas, particularly those bordering Mozambique and Zimbabwe.
- KwaZulu-Natal: The far north-east of the province, particularly parts of the uMkhanyakude District, has a malaria risk. Some other designated areas have a lower risk.
There is no malaria transmission in most of South Africa, including Cape Town, Johannesburg, Pretoria and the Garden Route.
Mozambique
Popular destinations where travellers should take precautions include:
- Maputo and its surroundings
- The southern beaches, including Ponta do Ouro and Ponta Malongane
- Vilankulo and the Bazaruto Archipelago
- Gorongosa National Park
- The coastal areas of Inhambane, Zambezia and Nampula
- Northern Mozambique, including the areas around Pemba
Travellers should consider antimalarial medication and consistently follow mosquito-bite prevention measures throughout their stay.
Zimbabwe
Important malaria-risk destinations include:
- Victoria Falls: The town and surrounding areas, including Zambezi National Park.
- Hwange National Park: Malaria is a consideration throughout the park.
- Zambezi Valley: Including Mana Pools National Park and the Lake Kariba area.
- Gonarezhou National Park: Particularly the south-eastern Lowveld.
- Other low-altitude areas, particularly those below approximately 1,200 metres.
Harare and Bulawayo have a very low malaria risk. However, travellers combining city visits with safaris or trips to Victoria Falls should consider their entire itinerary when seeking medical advice.
Antimalarial medication is recommended for travellers visiting high-risk areas, subject to individual medical assessment.
Zambia
Popular tourist destinations requiring particular attention include:
- Livingstone and the Zambian side of Victoria Falls
- South Luangwa National Park
- Lower Zambezi National Park
- Kafue National Park
- Lake Kariba and other lower-altitude areas
December coincides with the rainy season in much of Zambia, although rainfall patterns can vary between regions. Mosquito-bite prevention is important throughout the country.
Antimalarial medication is generally recommended for travellers to Zambia. The appropriate medication should be determined during a pre-travel consultation.
Botswana
The main risk areas include:
- Okavango Delta: Including its islands, waterways and surrounding wilderness areas.
- Moremi Game Reserve: A popular safari destination in the north-west.
- Chobe National Park: Particularly the Chobe Riverfront.
- Okavango Panhandle: Including the areas around Shakawe and the northern river systems.
The risk is considerably lower in southern Botswana, including much of the Kalahari and the areas around Gaborone. Nevertheless, travellers should still take appropriate precautions against mosquito bites.
Antimalarial medication is recommended for travellers visiting the northern half of Botswana during the high-risk season.
Namibia
For December 2026, travellers should pay particular attention to the following regions:
- Kavango East and Kavango West: High malaria risk throughout the year.
- Zambezi Region: Including the former Caprivi Strip, with year-round malaria risk.
- Kunene, Omusati, Oshana, Ohangwena and Oshikoto: High malaria risk from December to April.
- Omaheke and Otjozondjupa: Also classified as high-risk areas from December to April.
Windhoek, the central highlands and most of southern Namibia, including the main areas of the Namib Desert, have a very low malaria risk.
Travellers visiting the northern and north-eastern regions should discuss antimalarial medication with a travel-health professional before departure.
Eswatini
The main risk areas include:
- The entire Lubombo District
- The eastern parts of Hhohho District
- The eastern parts of Manzini District
- The eastern parts of Shiselweni District
Mbabane District has no recognised malaria risk, while the remainder of the country is generally classified as having a very low risk.
Travellers visiting the eastern lowlands and border areas should seek individual advice about malaria prevention and whether antimalarial medication is appropriate.
Malawi
Travellers should take precautions when visiting:
- Lilongwe and Blantyre
- Lake Malawi and its lakeside resorts
- Liwonde National Park
- Majete Wildlife Reserve
- Nyika National Park and other rural destinations
Antimalarial medication is generally recommended for travellers to Malawi, alongside consistent mosquito-bite prevention measures.
Lesotho
Travellers visiting Maseru, the Maloti Mountains, Sani Pass and the country's highland areas do not normally require antimalarial medication specifically for Lesotho.
However, visitors combining a trip to Lesotho with destinations in neighbouring South Africa or other malaria-risk countries should assess the entire itinerary before departure.
Angola
Unlike destinations where malaria risk is restricted to particular regions or seasons, travellers to Angola should take precautions throughout the country.
December falls within the rainy season in much of Angola, potentially creating favourable conditions for mosquito breeding.
Antimalarial medication is generally recommended for travellers visiting Angola. A travel-health professional can advise on the appropriate medication based on the itinerary and individual medical circumstances.
Why December matters for malaria awareness
Warmer temperatures and rainfall can create favourable conditions for mosquito breeding. However, the relationship between rainfall and malaria transmission is not straightforward. Local temperatures, altitude, mosquito populations, water availability and malaria-control programmes all influence the level of risk.
The regional climate outlook for the 2026/27 rainy season, released by the SADC Climate Services Centre in August 2026, forecasts a greater likelihood of below-normal rainfall across much of central and southern Southern Africa. Wetter conditions are favoured in parts of the north and north-east. This does not mean that malaria risk will necessarily be lower in areas expecting less rainfall: established transmission areas remain relevant even during comparatively dry periods.
For travellers, December is particularly important for several reasons:
- The transmission season is underway: South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia and Eswatini enter or continue their main seasonal malaria periods.
- Safari destinations require attention: Kruger National Park, the Okavango Delta, Chobe National Park, Hwange National Park, Victoria Falls, Etosha National Park and South Luangwa are among the destinations where travellers should consider malaria prevention.
- Cross-border itineraries complicate risk assessments: A self-drive holiday through South Africa, Eswatini, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Botswana may involve several different malaria-risk zones.
- Urban destinations are not automatically malaria-free: This is particularly relevant in Mozambique, Malawi and Angola, where malaria transmission also occurs in urban areas.
Malaria prevention tips for travellers
1. Arrange a travel-health consultation before departure
Depending on your destinations and personal circumstances, prescription antimalarial medication may be recommended. Common options include atovaquone/proguanil, doxycycline and mefloquine. The appropriate choice depends on factors such as your medical history, age, pregnancy status, other medication and the specific destinations on your itinerary.
2. Use an effective mosquito repellent
If you are using sunscreen, apply it before the insect repellent.
3. Cover exposed skin, particularly in the evening
Wear long-sleeved shirts, long trousers and socks during the evening and night, particularly when spending time outdoors at safari lodges, campsites and lakeside accommodation.
Lightweight clothing is usually more comfortable in Southern Africa's warm December weather.
4. Choose accommodation with effective mosquito protection
If you are staying in a tent or a room without adequate screening, use a properly fitted mosquito net, preferably one treated with insecticide.
5. Take prescribed antimalarial medication correctly
Remember that antimalarial medication reduces the risk of infection but does not provide complete protection. Continue using mosquito repellents and other bite-prevention measures throughout your stay.
6. Know the symptoms and seek medical attention promptly
- Fever and chills
- Headache
- Muscle aches and fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- General flu-like symptoms
Symptoms can develop after returning home, sometimes weeks or even months after exposure.
Anyone developing a fever during or after visiting a malaria-risk area should seek urgent medical assessment and explicitly mention their travel history. Do not assume that you are protected because you took antimalarial medication.
Malaria, particularly Plasmodium falciparum malaria, can become life-threatening if diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Early medical attention is essential.
Bottom line
December is an important month for malaria prevention in Southern Africa, particularly for travellers visiting safari destinations and low-lying areas in the region. While malaria risk varies considerably between countries and individual destinations, travellers should not underestimate the importance of preventive measures during the summer months.
Check the malaria recommendations for every destination on your itinerary, consult a travel-health professional before departure and combine any prescribed antimalarial medication with consistent mosquito-bite prevention.
Disclaimer: This article provides general travel-health information and is not a substitute for personalised medical advice. Malaria recommendations can change and depend on the destination, duration of travel, age, medical history and individual circumstances. Always consult a qualified travel-health professional before travelling to a malaria-risk area.
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