Kruger National Park Calendar - September!

Weather:

• it is spring time in the park
• fresh mornings & warm to hot days
• it can get pretty cold at night
• occasional showers
• pretty unpredictable weather patterns

Temperatures:

• between 12°C - 28°C (Fahrenheit: e.g. 28°C = [(28x9)]/5 + 32 = 82.4°F)
• visit our webcam page for live footage from Kruger National Park!

Landscape:

• first green shoots
• spring flush depending on rain
• new mopane growth with red-tinged leaves
• good spring indicator: purple flowers of tree wisteria

Animal Activity:

• game still concentrated around watering holes etc.
• migrant birds begin arriving
• elephants are coming south from their winter feeding grounds in the north

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South Africa: NSRI releases a warning of rough seas ahead of this weekend’s cold front forecast!

South Africa's National Sea Rescue Institute (NSRI), a voluntary non-profit organization tasked with saving lives through drowning prevention in South Africa, has issued a warning of rough sea conditions for this weekend (28 - 30 July 2023). According to a weather forecast by the South African Weather Service (SAWS), an intense cold front is expected to affect South Africa's coastline and inland water ways.

(c) https://www.nsri.org.za/

NSRI is appealing to shoreline anglers, boaters, commercial seafarers, and coastal hikers to be aware of rough sea conditions and the impact of forecast weather affecting the coastline and inland.

• Boaters and commercial seafarers should not launch in adverse weather conditions unless absolutely necessary and wear life-jackets when your vessel is underway or during commercial operations at sea.
• Shoreline anglers and coastal hikers should be aware of the daily 2 high tides and 2 low tides and be cautious along the shoreline.
• Bathers, surfers, paddlers, sail boarders and beach goers should be cautious of rough seas, strong winds and strong rip currents during adverse weather affected sea conditions and prepare accordingly without taking risks.
• Do not attempt to cross through rivers and roadways affected by flooding or cross over bridges swamped by flood waters.

|Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park: Special 4x4 flower route now open in the arid Richtersveld region!

South African National Parks (SANParks) has announced that a once in a lifetime 4x4 flower route as well as hiking trail has been opened at |Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park. The new circular route is located in the Armanshoek area of the National Park. It has a length of 32km and takes visitors approximately three to four hours to experience it.. The Armanshoek 4x4 and hiking trail route is not a normal tourist route but has been specially opened for three weeks to the public to share in the joy of a normal mountainous semi-desert transformed into a flower paradise.

"The Richtersveld is not usually known as the flower paradise but with the recent over 200mm of rain we have received, it is only fair to open up this section of the Park to the public", said Mr Lucius Moolman, the Regional General Manager from the Arid Region

The Armanshoek 4x4 and hiking trail route is open and accessible since 24 July 2023 and will close on 13 August 2023.

The |Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park spans some of the most spectacular arid and desert mountain scenery in southern Africa – and includes the Fish River Canyon, the largest canyon in Africa. The Peace Park straddles two countries, earning it two different names: It is |Ai-|Ais in Namibia and Richtersveld in South Africa. The quickest way to get to the National Park from the N7 (South Africa) and the B1 (Namibia) is to turn off at Steinkopf and approach via Port Nolloth and Alexander Bay with only the last 80km being on dirt.

Also read: |Ai-|Ais/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park: The upcoming flower season in the arid Richtersveld region might be one of the best in decades! >>

Malawi: Malawi Airlines set to launch flights to three new regional destinations!

The flag carrier airline of Malawi, Malawi Airlines, is planning to launch flights to three new regional destinations. According to postings on facebook, the airline is planing to introduce flights from Kamuzu International Airport (LLW) in Lilongwe to two destinations in Mozambique, namely Nampula Airport (APL) in Nampula and Pemba Airport (POL) in Pemba, as well as flights from Lilongwe to the capital of Rwanda, Kigali. Malawi Airlines has so far not provided any information on the launch date for its flights to the Mozambican destinations besides "route commencing soon". However, flights to Kigali International Airport (KGL) in Kigali are set to commence from mid-August 2023. We'll keep you posted!

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Namibia: FlyNamibia is set to extend its regional network in Southern Africa! [update]

update (18 September 2023): FlyNamibia is set to lauch scheduled non-stop services between Walvis Bay International Airport (WVB) in Walvis Bay and Cape Town International Airport (CPT) in Cape Town on 29 October 2023.

According to news reports from Namibia, regional carrier FlyNamibia is planing to introduce scheduled flights between Windhoek and Luanda in Angola and between Windhoek and Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe. Namibian newspaper "Windhoek Express" quotes Fly Namibia's managing director André Compion saying that flights to Victoria Falls are "next on the cards" and flights to Luanda will be introduced "in this year". FlyNamibia is also set to add Walvis Bay to its Windhoek <> Cape Town service in the next couple of weeks The airline is also looking at flights to Gaborone in Botswana and Durban in South Africa. André Compion further said that FlyNamibia is getting four more Embraer 145 regional jets. We'll keep you posted! 

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Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park: Park shops with changed opening hours due to stocktaking!

The Regional Communications Manager: Arid Parks at South African National Parks (SANParks), Genevieve Maasdorp, announced in the SANParks - Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park facebook group that stocktaking needs to be performed at all shops in Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. The operating hours of the shops at Nossob Rest Camp, Mata-Mata Rest Camp and Twee Rivieren Rest Camp will therefore change on 27 July 2023, 28 July 2023 and 31 July 2023 as follows:

• Twee Rivieren Rest Camp: Shop will be open from 15:00 - 18:15 on 27 July 2023
• Mata-Mata Rest Camp: Shop will be open from 07:30 - 09:00 and again from 15:00 - 18:15 on 28 July 2023
• Nossob Rest Camp: Shop will be open from 07:30 - 09:00 and again from 15:00 - 18:15 on 31 July 2023

KwaZulu-Natal: The Babanango Game Reserve is now home to the "Big 5"!

 The Babanango Game Reserve in the heart of Zululand in KwaZulu-Natal has announced its "Big 5" status. The 20 000 hectare reserve is now home to lion, rhino, buffalo, leopard and elephant and many more species of importance. The reintroduction of the "Big 5" commenced in 2019, with the introduction of white and black rhinos as well as buffalo. Soon after, leopards returned on their own to area and settled in the Game Reserve. Earlier this year, Babanango Game Reserve reintroduced two male lions, soon to be joined by several females. In June 2023, a small breeding herd of seven elephants were brought in from Manyoni Game Reserve. This introduction of elephants served as the final piece of the Big 5 "puzzle". Babanango Game Reserve has carefully introduced over 2 400 endemic animals. Many of these species have not roamed the undulating hills and valleys of Babanango for nearly 150 years.

Namibia Airports Company (NAC) plans to upgrade facilties at Hosea Kutako International Airport (WDH) in Windhoek!

According to a press statement following the Annual General Meeting (AGM) on 19 July 2023 for the preceding three financial years, namely 2019/2020, 2020/2021 and 2021/2022, the Namibia Airports Company (NAC) has plans to upgrade facilties at Hosea Kutako International Airport (WDH) in Windhoek, as well as at Katima Mulilo Airport (MPA) in Katima Mulilo, Rundu Airport (NDU) in Rundu and Lüderitz Airport (LUD) in Lüderitz. The envisaged airport infrastructure developments include among others:

• the Hosea Kutako International Airport (WDH) congestion alleviation project to extend the VIP/VVIP facilities to bring it to adequate standard in terms of facilitation and the size of the Presidential Lounge as well as parking configuration at the cost of N$18 million
• the Apron expansion at Hosea Kutako International Airport (WDH) at a cost of N$100 million, funded by the Government of Namibia over a two-year period
• the construction of Terminal 3 at Hosea Kutako International Airport (WDH), with discussions ongoing with the Government to determine the optimal financing structure for the project
• the construction of new terminal buildings at Katima Mulilo Airport (MPA), Rundu Airport (NDU) and Lüderitz Airport (LUD).

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Rugby: Cape Town set to host the HSBC SVNS, the new-look World Sevens Series! [update]

update (14 October 2023): HSBC SVNS Cape Town tickets are on sale via Ticketmaster!

World Rugby has announced that Cape Town in South Africa will be one of the host cities for the HSBC SVNS 2023/24, the revamped and rebranded global celebration of rugby sevens taking place across eight iconic cities. The HSBC SVNS festivals will feature 12 men's and women's teams chasing the ultimate prize, while also providing fans with a unique festival of sport, music, food and immersive experiences. Cape Town is set to reignite its love affair with the series on 09 and 10 December 2023 when the Cape Town Sevens makes its return to the DHL Stadium in Green Point.

"Cape Town's inclusion in the remodelled Sevens Series is a massive feather in our cap. Cape Town Sevens has been one of the flagship events hosted in our city for nearly a decade, has proven a popular event with record attendance every single year and provides the best live experience for spectators. The City of Cape Town has been supporting the event since it moved from Gqeberha to Cape Town and we are looking forward to continue our partnership with the organisers to ensure an exciting experience for spectators," said the City's Mayoral Committee Member for Safety and Security Alderman JP Smith.

Launching in December 2023, HSBC SVNS festivals will provide the annual platform for the world’s best sevens athletes to shine with 12 men’s and women’s teams sharing a global stage at the same location.

HBSC SVNS – Festival dates 2023/24:

• Dubai, UAE: 02 - 03 December 2023
• Cape Town, South Africa: 09 - 10 December 2023
• Perth, Australia: 26 - 28 January 2024
• Vancouver, Canada: 23 - 25 February 2024
• Los Angeles, USA: 02 - 03 March 2024
• Hong Kong SAR, China: 05 - 07 April 2024
• Singapore, Singapore: 03 - 05 May 2024
• Madrid, Spain: 31 May - 02 June 2024 

Angola has lifted all Covid-19 travel related restrictions at points of entry!

The Government of Angola has lifted with effect vom 15 July 2023 all Covid-19 travel related restrictions for entry into the country. A Covid-19 vaccination certificate or a negative Covid-19 PCR test result are no longer a requirement for entering the country. The decision follows the Presidential Decree 152/23 of 14 July 2023, which replaces the Presidential Decree No. 98/23 of 14 April 2023. Outgoing travellers leaving Angola are responsible for checking and complying with entry requirements in the countries of their destination and/or transit.

Zimbabwe/Zambia: Suspension of Kariba Border Post as Port of Entry! [update]

update (21 July 2023): ZIMRA has confirmed that cross border travellers intending to use Kariba Border Post will be required to use Chirundu One Stop Border Post. [src.]

The Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) has announed that the Kariba Border Post between Zimbabwe and Zambia is getting suspended as a Port of Entry for cross border passenger ferrying buses and vehicle importation services. These movements will now be required to use Chirundu One Stop Border Post as the alternative. This suspension is with effect from 20 July 2023 until further notice. According to a press release by ZIMRA, this decision comes in the wake of high traffic congestion being experienced at Kariba Border Post which has stretched the current infrastructure beyond its capacity to handle cross border traffic. The current high traffic volumes have also adversely affected ongoing Government projects towards refurbishment of the Kariba Dam.
Please note that, according to Zimbabwean state-owned newspaper The Herald, "all (!) cross border travellers intending to use Kariba Border Post will be required to use Chirundu One Stop Border Post as an alternative. We have contacted ZIMRA regarding the this. We'll keep you posted!

Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park: SANParks is launching the brand new Twee Rivieren Interpretation Centre!

The Regional Communications Manager: Arid Parks at South African National Parks (SANParks), Genevieve Maasdorp, announced in the SANParks - Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park facebook group that the Twee Rivieren Rest Camp in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park will be uncharacteristically busy and somewhat noisy on 18 July 2023 from 12:00 and on 19 July 2023 between 15:00 - 16:00. SANParks launching the brand new Twee Rivieren Interpretation Centre that will add value to visitor's experience and showcase the rich culture of the ǂKhomani Cultural Landscape World Heritage Site.
Twee Rivieren is largest rest camp in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and its administrative headquarters. The camp is situated on the banks of the dry Nossob riverbed. Activities and facilities are diverse, as are the animals and plants found both within the camp and in the surrounding areas. Besides the new Interpretation Centre, Twee Rivieren Rest Camp has a reception, shop, fuel, restaurant, information centre and swimming pool. This is the only camp with 24 hrs electricity and cell phone reception in Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.

Addo Elephant National Park: No water provision due to supply problems! [update]

update (19 July 2023): Water provision in Addo Elephant National Park has been restored!

South African National Parks (SANParks) has announced that there is currently no water provision in Addo Elephant National Park in South Africa's Eastern Cape due to supply problems in the area by the local Municipality (Sundays River Valley Local Municipality). Unfortunately the entire area is affected, with no timerames available for restoration. According to SANParks, the management of Addo Elephant National Park is "assisting where they can". We'll keep you posted!

Photo by Andres Siimon on Unsplash

The Sundays River Valley Local Municipality is a local municipality in the Sarah Baartman District Municipality in South Africa's Eastern Cape. Addo Elephant National Park is country's third largest National Park in size after Kruger National Park and the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. The National Park is home to more than 600 elephants, 400 Cape buffaloes and over 48 (?) endangered black rhinos. Lion and spotted hyena have also recently been re-introduced to the Addo Elephant National Park. The largest remaining population of the flightless dung beetle is located within the National Park. 

World’s Best Vineyards 2023: These three vineyards in the Western Cape are among 50 best!

World’s Best Vineyards has revealed the top wine destinations for 2023. The extensive list, which is compiled from all the nominations by a global Voting Academy, showcases the very best of wine tourism, highlighting the world’s finest and diverse vineyards across the globe. The academy of voters consists of over 500 leading wine experts, sommeliers and travel experts and they submit their nominations based on the different criteria that make the best destination vineyard, including quality of the overall experience, ambiance, cuisine, activities, views, staff, and value for money. The results are then collated and converted into the annual World’s Best Vineyards list.

According to the World’s Best Vineyards annual list for 2023, South Africa's Western Cape has three vineyards in the top 50 as well further two vineyards in the top 51–100. Creation Wines in the Hemel-en-Aarde Valley (Hermanus) was named fourth best vineyard in the World 2023, Klein Constantia in Constantia was ranked 32 and Delaire Graff Estate in Stellenbosch came in at 36. Benguela Cove Lagoon Wine Estate in Walker Bay closely missed the Top 50 and was named 53rd best vineyard, while Tokara Vineyard in Stellenbosch was ranked 93rd. Congratulations!
Catena Zapata in Mendoza, Argentina, was named the World’s Best Vineyard 2023, followed by Bodegas de los Herederos del Marqués de Riscal in Rioja, Spain, and VIK in Chile's Cachapoal Valley.

Telegraph Travel Awards 2023: South Africa named greatest Country on Earth & Cape Town greatest City on Earth!

For the first time since 2019, The Telegraph newspaper held the Telegraph Travel Awards, one of Britain's most comprehensive, wide-ranging and reliable reader travel surveys. Almost 30 000 readers of the newspaper took part in the survey and voted Cape Town the "greatest city on Earth" and South Africa the "greatest country on Earth". Congratulations!
Cape Town scooped the award in every subsequent edition of the Telegraph Travel Awards since 2013, while South Africa dethroned New Zealand, which has been named the "greatest country on Earth" by readers of The Telegraph for a decade, as the country of choice.

Telegraph Travel Awards' "greatest city on Earth":

1. Cape Town
2. Venice
3. Seville
4. Vancouver
5. Rome
6. Florence
7. Rio de Janeiro
8. Sydney
9. Kyoto
10. Dubrovnik

Telegraph Travel Awards' "greatest country on Earth":

1. South Africa
2. New Zealand
3. Maldives
4. Japan
5. Australia
6. Italy
7. Kenya
8. India
9. Costa Rica
10. Botswana

East London: Road works still taking place on the only access road to King Phalo Airport (ELS)!

Due to road works taking place at the R72 ("Settlers Way"), the Airports Company South Africa (ACSA) is reminding passengers travelling to and from King Phalo Airport (ELS | formerly East London Airport) in East London in the Eastern Cape to allow sufficient travel time. The check-in time for domestic departures is two hours prior to departure. The R72 ("Settlers Way) is the only access road to King Phalo Airport (ELS).

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Two beaches in Cape Town named among world’s top 20 most beautiful beaches!

Online gambling company Betway recently searched the internet for the world'd best beaches. To set up a ranking of the top 100 beaches in the world, data was analysed from each location to determine average temperature in August or January (depending on location) as well as amount of precipitation, number of Instagram tags and reviews with a positive sentiment on TripAdvisor. The aforementioned data points were then indexed and given a weighted score between 0-100. Data is up to date as of June 2023.
According to Betway's ranking, two beaches in Cape Town made it to the top 20. Camps Bay beach in Camps Bay has been named the 15th most beautiful beach in the world with an average temperature of 27,6 degrees in January, an estimated 118mm of rainfall, and has been tagged on Instagram over 460.000 (#campsbay & #campsbaybeach) times, while Hout Bay beach in Hout Bay (average temperature in January: 27.1 degrees, 90mmm of rainfall and 237.000 #houtbay hashtags on Instagram) was ranked 20th.

Photo by Joshua Kettle on Unsplash

Overall winner of the ranking is Elafonissi Beach in Chania on the Greek island of Crete. Turquoise Bay in West Australia came second in the list, followed by Four Mile Beach in Fort Douglas (Australia) and Oludeniz Beach in Fethiye (Turkey).

Here’s a list of the top 20 most beautiful beaches in the world:

1. Elafonissi Beach, Greece
2. Turquoise Bay, Australia
3. Four Mile Beach, Australia
4. Oludeniz Beach, Turkey
5. Whitehaven Beach, Australia
6. Horseshoe Bay, Bermuda
7. Venice Beach, USA
8. Red Beach, Greece
9. Durdle Door, UK
10. Kaputas Beach, Turkey
11. St Paul's Bay, Greece
12. Kelingking Beach, Indoneisa
13. La Concha, Spain
14. Diani Beach, Kenya
15. Camps Bay, South Africa
16. Railay Beach, Thailand
17. Beit Yanai, Israel
18. Arashi Beach, Aruba
19. Egremni Beach, Greece
20. Hout Bay, South Africa

South Africa: Kruger National Park prepares for the upcoming peak fire season!

South African National Parks (SANParks) has informed the public that it has embarked on controlled burns in Kruger National Park in preparation for the upcoming peak fire season. According to SANParks, this is a necessary action to avoid runaway fires which could lead to loss of life and damage to infrastructure. Every winter, as the dry season starts in Kruger National Park, fires are a common occurrence. Fires are a natural part of the environment in the National Park. The vegetation and animals have adapted to fires in this landscape and rely on fires to maintain a healthy, functioning ecosystem.

There is a relationship between how much rain is received during the rainy season, and how much grass grows in response to the rain, which then affects how much area is burned in the dry season. Fires occur when there is sufficient grass to sustain a fire, the correct weather conditions, and an ignition source. Considering the extremely high amounts of rain during the previous wet season, Kruger National Park is expecting more fires this winter (hot dry weather) compared to last year. For the last few years, roughly 15% of the park had burned annually. "This year we are expecting more than 20% of Kruger National Park to burn," says Abiotic Scientist, Tercia Strydom. The park monitors and maps all fires using both ground reports as well as advanced satellite mapping techniques", she concluded.

The majority of these burns in Kruger National Park will be conducted by National Park Rangers both for ecological and fire safety reasons. Due to the exceptional amounts of grass in the veld, the risk of large wildfires burning later in the dry season increases. Therefore, the Rangers have already begun burning fires earlier in the dry season to help break up the grass loads into smaller patches thereby reducing the fire risk.

Cape Town: Lion's Head summit to temporarily close on short notice! [update]

update (13 July 2023): According to SANParks, the contractor has successfully completed the maintenance work at Lion's Head. The existing top ladder, and staples were replaced and two new additional ladders were installed. Access to the summit is only via an alternative footpath. However, the new ladders and staples still need to dry before they can be used, therefore this area is cordoned off for safety purposes and will reopen on 14 July 2023.

South African National Parks (SANParks) just announced on short notice that the summit of  Lion's Head, located in Cape Town's Table Mountain National Park, will be closed on 11 July 2023 and 12 July 2023 for ladders, chains, and staples installation and maintenance. There will be no access to the summit. However, the lower contour footpath will remain open. Accoring to SANParks, the announcement is on short notice as this installation is weather dependent. We'll keep you posted!

Lion's Head is a mountain in Cape Town between Table Mountain and Signal Hill. It peaks at 669 metres above sea level. Lion's Head is known for its views of both the city and the Atlantic Seaboard. The hour-long walk to the top is particularly popular during full moon. The next full moon will be on 01 August 2023.

South Africa: Seasonal rainfall & temperature outlook (July - November 2023)!

The South African Weather Service (SAWS) has released the Seasonal Climate Watch for the period July 2023 to November 2023. According to the seasonal outlook, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is currently transitioning into warm El Niño-like conditions and is moving into an El Niño state which will most likely persist through most of the summer months. However, it is still too early to indicate whether the this El Niño event will persist through the whole of the summer season, and therefore the close monitoring of ENSO is advised in the coming months. ENSO’s impact is still limited for the current forecast period until the summer season starts which will likely be impacted by a moderate to strong El Niño state if early predictions are correct.

SAWS' multi-model rainfall forecast indicates above-normal rainfall for most of South Africa during winter (July 2023 to September 2023) through to early-spring (August 2023 - October 2023) with below-normal rainfall predicted over parts of the country in the west and the east during mid-Spring. This is still only relevant for the south-western parts of South Africa during winter but also relevant for the eastern coastal areas during spring.
Minimum and maximum temperatures in South Africa are expected to be mostly above-normal countrywide for the forecast period (July to November 2023).

South Africa: One-day protest action scheduled to take place in Marakele National Park!

South African National Parks (SANParks) has announced that it has received a notification for a planned protest scheduled to take place in Marakele National Park on 06 July 2023. According to SANParks the one-day protest action will be focused at main reception of Marakele National Park, where SANParks management will receive a memorandum of grievance from the organized group. It is for this reason that guests are advised not to cancel any bookings as a consequence of this one-day planned protest.
To minimize any disruptions in the delivery of service to the guests due to the planned protest, SANParks would like to assure its guests that contingency plans are in place and will be activated with immediate effect.

Marakele National Park is located in the heart of the Waterberg Mountains in Limpopo, near Thabazimbi, approximately 250 km north of Johannesburg, in a malaria-free area.

Cape Town: Chapman's Peak Drive toll tariff increase!

The toll fees for the Chapman's Peak Drive in Cape Town have been increased from 01 July 2023. In order to manage and maintain this valuable asset as well as working closely with partners such as the Government of Western Cape and SANparks as major stakeholders, the concessionaire of "Chappies" is obligated through its contractual agreement and in line with inflation to increase the toll tariffs annually.

The toll tariffs increase from 01 July 2023 to 30 June 2024 are as follows:

• Category 1 (Motor Bikes) - R40
• Category 2 (Kombi / Minibus / Big 4X4 / Car / Bakkie) - R61
• Category 3 (Midibus / 2 axle truck) - R245
• Category 4 (Tourbus / 3 axle bus) - R613

Chapman's Peak Drive is a scenic 9 km route between Noordhoek and Hout Bay along the western flank of the Chapman's Peak, a mountain on the western side of the Cape Peninsula, located about 15 kilometres south of Cape Town.

France: Air France to introduce flights between Paris <> Cape Town!

The flag carrier of France, Air France, will introduce direct flights to Cape Town International Airport (CPT) in Cape Town during the European Winter Season 2023/24. The airline is set to operate three weekly return flights on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sundays between Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG) in Paris and Cape Town. Flights will depart Paris at 10:10 and arrive in Cape Town at 21:10, while flights will depart Cape Town at 23:35 and arrive Paris at 11:20 the following day. The seasonal service will commence on 17 October 2023 and will continue until 27 March 2024. Flights will be operated on board a Boeing Dreamliner 787-900.

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Kruger National Park Calendar - August!

Weather:

• cool mornings and cold evenings
• temperatures & humidity rise during the day

Temperatures:

• between 12°C - 28°C (Fahrenheit: e.g. 28°C = [(28x9)]/5 + 32 = 82.4°F)
• visit our webcam page for live footage from Kruger National Park!

Landscape:

• bush extremely dry
• landscape a yellow hue through flowering knobthorn, cassias and other
• veld often overgrassed, especialy around watering holes etc.

Animal Activity:

• game congrates around watering holes, rivers etc.
• elephant numbers at their highest in northern Kruger
• earliest summer migrant birds arrive
• local raptors breeding
• weakest animals die of thirst or from predators

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