The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of South Africa has published its updated South African Malaria Risk Map (December 2025) - an essential reference for anyone planning travel to the country’s north-eastern regions.
While most of South Africa remains malaria-free, certain border areas continue to experience seasonal malaria transmission, particularly during the warmer, wetter months. Below is a clear breakdown of the current malaria-risk areas, seasonality, and what it means for travellers.
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| click to enlage (c) https://www.nicd.ac.za/diseases-a-z-index/malaria/ |
Where is malaria found in South Africa?
Malaria transmission in South Africa is geographically limited and highly seasonal. The disease occurs mainly in the north-eastern provinces, especially along international borders.
High-Risk (Endemic) Areas
The highest malaria risk is found in parts of:
- Limpopo – especially districts bordering Zimbabwe and Mozambique
- Mpumalanga – including the Lowveld region
- KwaZulu-Natal – particularly the far northern Maputaland area
Within these provinces, travellers visiting the Kruger National Park and surrounding Lowveld areas should be aware that this is a seasonal malaria transmission zone.
Risk is typically highest from September through May, with peak transmission during the mid-summer months (January to April).
Moderate-Risk Areas
Some districts adjacent to high-risk zones are classified as moderate or low seasonal risk areas. In these regions:
- Preventative mosquito measures are strongly recommended.
- Antimalarial prophylaxis may be advised depending on duration of stay, accommodation type, and individual health profile.
Travellers should consult a healthcare professional or travel clinic before departure for personalised advice.
No Malaria Risk Areas
The majority of South Africa - including its major tourism and business hubs - remains malaria-free.
There is no malaria transmission risk in:
- Johannesburg
- Cape Town
- The Garden Route
- Eastern Cape
- The Free State, Northern Cape, and North West provinces (outside specific border zones)
Travellers visiting these destinations do not require antimalarial medication.
Understanding malaria seasonality in South Africa
Malaria transmission in South Africa is seasonal, influenced by rainfall, humidity, and temperature.
- Peak season: January – April
- Transmission period: September – May
- Low-risk winter period: June – August
Even outside peak months, isolated cases can still occur in endemic areas. Preventative measures remain advisable year-round in risk zones.
Malaria Prevention for Travellers
If your itinerary includes a malaria-risk area, prevention is essential. The mosquito species that transmits malaria bites primarily between dusk and dawn.
1. Avoid mosquito bites
- Apply insect repellent containing DEET or equivalent active ingredients.
- Wear long sleeves and trousers in the evenings.
- Use mosquito nets where provided.
- Ensure accommodation has functioning window screens or air conditioning.
2. Consider chemoprophylaxis
For high-risk areas such as parts of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, northern KwaZulu-Natal, and the Kruger region, healthcare professionals may recommend:
- Starting antimalarial medication before entering the risk zone.
- Continuing treatment for the prescribed period after departure.
The decision depends on age, pregnancy status, medical history, and duration of exposure.
3. Know the symptoms
Malaria symptoms typically develop 7–15 days after infection and may include:
If you develop flu-like symptoms after visiting a malaria area - even weeks later - seek medical attention immediately and inform your doctor about your travel history.
Why the NICD Risk Map matters
The updated malaria risk map from the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) provides:
- Clear geographic delineation of endemic zones
- Seasonal risk classification
- Guidance for clinicians and travellers
- Support for South Africa's ongoing malaria elimination efforts
South Africa continues to make significant progress toward malaria elimination, but imported cases and cross-border transmission remain challenges - particularly along the Mozambique and Zimbabwe borders.
Key Takeaways for Travellers
- Malaria in South Africa is geographically limited to north-eastern border regions.
- The Kruger National Park and Lowveld fall within seasonal risk zones.
- Major cities such as Johannesburg and Cape Town are malaria-free.
- Peak transmission occurs during the summer rainfall season.
- Preventative measures and medical consultation are recommended before travelling to endemic areas.
For the most accurate and up-to-date information, always consult the official NICD malaria risk map and speak to a qualified healthcare provider prior to travel.
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