December marks the beginning of the summer rainy season in Botswana's Okavango Delta. Temperatures remain high, thunderstorms become more frequent and the landscape gradually turns green as fresh vegetation emerges. For travellers, this is a very different safari experience from the dry-season months, with increasingly dispersed wildlife, young animals and excellent birdwatching opportunities.
The annual Okavango flood, which originates in the Angolan highlands, is also continuing its seasonal cycle. Water levels vary considerably across the Okavango Delta, and the local summer rains should not be confused with the arrival of the annual flood. December is therefore a month of changing conditions, with the balance between land-based and water-based activities depending largely on where you are staying.
Weather & landscape
December is firmly part of the rainy season in the Okavango Delta. Daytime temperatures generally range from around 30°C to 35°C, although hotter days are possible. Average minimum temperatures are around 19°C, and nights are considerably warmer than during the winter dry season. Humidity increases as the rains become more regular.
Afternoon thunderstorms are increasingly common, sometimes bringing heavy downpours and strong winds. Rainfall is not necessarily continuous, however, and sunny periods can alternate with cloudy skies and storms. The amount and distribution of rainfall can vary considerably from one year to another.
The landscape changes noticeably during December. Fresh grass and new leaves transform previously dry floodplains and woodlands, while seasonal pans and depressions begin to collect rainwater. The vegetation becomes increasingly dense, and the first signs of the green season are visible across much of the Okavango Delta.
It is important to distinguish between the local rainy season and the annual Okavango flood. The floodwaters originate from rainfall in the Angolan highlands and travel southwards through the Okavango River system. They generally reach the Delta during the months when Botswana is experiencing its dry season. By December, water levels in some shallow channels and floodplains may be low, even as local rainfall increases.
For visitors, this means that water-based activities cannot be taken for granted. Some camps, particularly in areas with permanent channels, may continue to offer mokoro excursions and motorboat trips, while other locations increasingly focus on game drives and walking activities.
Fauna
December is an interesting month for wildlife in the Okavango Delta. Elephants, buffalo, giraffes, zebras, impalas, red lechwe, wildebeest and other antelope remain present, but the availability of fresh grazing and rainwater allows many herbivores to disperse across a wider area.
Predators such as lions, leopards, spotted hyenas and African wild dogs are also found throughout the Delta. Their distribution and hunting opportunities change as prey animals move into newly green areas and vegetation becomes thicker.
The green season is particularly rewarding for birdwatchers. Migratory species from Europe and other parts of Africa have arrived, while many resident birds are displaying breeding plumage, nesting or raising their young. Kingfishers, bee-eaters, rollers, herons, storks and various waterbirds are among the species that can make birdwatching particularly rewarding.
December also falls within the main breeding season for several antelope species. Impala lambs and young lechwe, among other newborn animals, may be seen in suitable areas. The abundance of young prey animals also provides opportunities for predators.
Animal behaviour & sightings
The arrival of regular rainfall changes wildlife behaviour across the Okavango Delta. With fresh grazing and seasonal water sources becoming increasingly available, herbivores are less dependent on permanent rivers and lagoons. Animals consequently spread out over a larger area, making sightings less predictable than during the dry season.
The growing vegetation also provides more cover. While game drives can still produce excellent sightings, spotting animals in dense grass and woodland may require more patience. Predators can use the thicker vegetation to approach prey, while young antelope are particularly vulnerable during their first weeks of life.
The birthing season adds another dimension to December safaris. Young animals are often seen staying close to their mothers, while herds may behave more cautiously in areas where predators are active. For photographers, the combination of newborn wildlife, fresh green vegetation and dramatic storm clouds can provide excellent opportunities.
Early mornings and late afternoons remain the best times for game viewing. Temperatures are generally more comfortable, and many animals are more active during these periods. Around midday, wildlife tends to seek shade, particularly on hot and humid days.
Bird activity is another highlight. Migratory species are now present in the Okavango Delta, and resident birds become particularly active during the breeding season. The green landscape, colourful plumage and increased bird calls make December a good choice for travellers interested in the Delta's birdlife.
Travel tips
December is outside the traditional peak safari season in Botswana. Travellers may encounter fewer visitors and, depending on the lodge and booking conditions, potentially more favourable accommodation rates. However, the rainy season brings some practical considerations.
- Prepare for heat and rain: Pack lightweight, breathable clothing, a sun hat, sunglasses and high-SPF sunscreen. A lightweight waterproof jacket is useful for afternoon thunderstorms.
- Plan game drives around the weather: Early morning and late afternoon activities are generally the most comfortable. Heavy rain can affect the timing and duration of safari activities.
- Check water levels before booking: If a mokoro excursion or motorboat trip is important to you, confirm with your accommodation which waterways are navigable in December. Conditions vary considerably between different parts of the Okavango Delta.
- Allow for changing wildlife conditions: Wildlife viewing remains rewarding, but animals are generally more dispersed than during the dry season. Choose an experienced guide and allow sufficient time for game drives.
- Bring binoculars: December is an excellent time for birdwatching, particularly with migratory species present and resident birds displaying breeding plumage.
- Take insect precautions: Mosquito activity generally increases with rainfall and warmer conditions. The Okavango Delta is a malaria-risk area, so seek medical advice before travelling and use appropriate insect repellent.
- Be prepared for changing road conditions: Heavy rain can make unpaved tracks muddy or difficult to navigate. Self-drive travellers should check local conditions and vehicle requirements before setting out. Allow additional time for transfers where necessary.
- Protect your equipment: Waterproof bags or protective covers are useful for cameras, binoculars and other equipment, particularly during boat trips and sudden downpours.
- Check activity availability: Not every camp offers the same combination of game drives, walking safaris, mokoro excursions and boat trips. Confirm which activities are operating at your chosen accommodation.
Is December a good time to visit the Okavango Delta?
December is best suited to travellers who appreciate the Okavango Delta's green season and do not mind occasional rain, high temperatures and less predictable wildlife sightings. Those primarily interested in concentrated game viewing and reliable water-based activities may prefer the dry-season months from July to September. For birdwatchers, photographers and visitors looking for a different perspective on the Okavango Delta, however, December has plenty to offer.
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